Cultural Heritage

The Haunting Song of Inca Whistling Vessels

Gianni Sarcone

Ancient Inca “whistling vessels” (huaco silbadores in Spanish) could mimic animal calls—powered by nothing more than air and water. As water moves between connected chambers, it forces air through hidden whistles, releasing haunting, lifelike sounds.

These remarkable ceramics, found across several pre-Columbian cultures including the Inca, Chimu, and Moche, date back more than 2,000 years. Often uncovered in tombs and ceremonial sites, they likely played a role in rituals to honor nature, communicate with spirits, or accompany sacred ceremonies—though their exact purpose remains a mystery.

Genesis of G

Gianni Sarcone

The lowercase ‘g’ is one of the most distinctive letters in the Latin alphabet, showcasing a variety of shapes across different styles.

The Latin alphabet, created around 753 BC, originated from the Etruscan alphabet, itself derived from Greek. Its earliest known inscription is on the ‘Praeneste Fibula’, a 7th-century BC cloak pin, reading “Manios med fhefhaked numasioi” (Classical Latin: “Manius me fecit Numerio” or “Manius made me for Numerius”).

Since Etruscan lacked the voiced plosive G, the letter G was introduced around 230 BC by Spurius Carvilius Ruga as a modified version of C.

As the Roman Empire expanded, the Latin alphabet spread throughout Europe, leading to its adoption in many languages. Today, it serves as the foundation for numerous writing systems worldwide, illustrating its lasting impact on global communication.